Nephrotic Syndrome

Protein leaks drive swelling — keep relapses on your radar.

What it is

A kidney disorder where damaged glomeruli leak large amounts of protein into the urine, triggering swelling and other complications.

Prevalence

Fewer than 5 in 100,000 children worldwide are diagnosed each year (≈4.7 cases per 100,000).

Symptoms to watch

Puffy eyes and facial swelling, leg and ankle edema, rapid weight gain from fluid, foamy urine, elevated blood pressure, fever or clot-related pain.

Treatment options

ACE inhibitors/ARBs and blood-pressure control, diuretics, cholesterol-lowering agents, steroids and other immunosuppressants, antibiotics, low-sodium diet, vitamin D, blood thinners, and research trials.

Nephrotic Syndrome

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